A superscript zero (like a degree mark) to a minor chord (like ii°) means diminished. There are also the equivalent of diacritical marks to represent other things. Upper and lower case refer to typesetting machines.) The tonic (this only applies to key-centered music.) is always I in major or i in minor. (The one's I learned on my own were from Harder's self-study books.) Major chords are indicated by capital Roman Numerals and minor chords by small letters (Spanish has better terms than English: mayuscula and minuscula. This may vary a bit from book to book, but the most use the following conventions. So as in your examples in C, III is E-G#-B, but bIII is Eb-G-Bb iii is E-G-B but biii is Eb-Gb-Bb v is G-Bb-D but #v is G#-B-D# and #v° (or dim) is G#-B-D. Your stuff is partially right, however when the first note is changed, tho whole chord follows.
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